In Memoriam (Tennyson) Essay

The poem is not, nonetheless, merely a way to express personal grief. Even though the â€Å"I† of In Memoriam is at times totally linked with the poet. Tennyson, the poet himself alleged that it is recurrently proposed to symbolize how the human race expresses and communicates through him. The individual sorrow and uncertainty became a microcosm for the distress being beared by the men and women of the 19th century who had been moving away from faith in traditional religion, as the evolvements in science were getting on to the ending that as such there was no divine hand which existed to guide. The speaker actually gets troubled through the loss he has beared but he gradually consents to the notion that, regardless of the external signs of confusion, and disorder the world actually becoming a better place to live in; his friend Hallam enters in to be seen as a messenger of a superior reace which will show way to humankind to lead them to God. Tennyson shifts alternately from insensitive misery to self-awareness and gets too see that writing poetry is an antidote for pain. Poems 9 through 17 make up a cluster amalgamated by the poet’s thought on the arrival of Hallam’s body through the ship from Italy. A calmer anguish now encompasses his heart. This anguish due to grief gradually make the mind even firmer, but the more deeper the sorrows are than words keep closed within in his heart. He commences on not to display his emotions openly but as he should (Richard, 2004). As a consequence, In Memoriam portrays the chief Victorian clash of science and faith to be the true work of its era; Tennyson’s effort to settle any sort of doubts that are based on religion which take birth from his not public sorrow and the outcomes of pre-Darwinian theories which are associated to succession were cut down by thinkers of his time as a reasonable landmark. The cyclic modification in the turn from personal anguish and desolation to the bigger vision of the public and apprehension for wider, social problems that can be seen in this poem reveal Tennyson’s mounting reception of and settlement with the issues of his age. As the elegy gets to its ending, the poet becomes more strongly influenced. His love, even though was seen on their preceding earthly association, is â€Å"vaster passion† which is now that Hallam’s incidence is spiritual and subtle through God and nature. The elegy ends up with the self-assured statement of the poet which shows that the living are real and will supplementarily move humanity’s measures and of the faith in its real sense that will not be highlighted only after death. Form The poem is not, nonetheless, merely a way to express personal grief. Even though the â€Å"I† of In Memoriam is at times totally linked with the poet. Tennyson, the poet himself alleged that it is recurrently proposed to symbolize how the human race expresses and communicates through him. The individual sorrow and uncertainty became a microcosm for the distress being beared by the men and women of the 19th century who had been moving away from faith in traditional religion, as the evolvements in science were getting on to the ending that as such there was no divine hand which existed to guide. The speaker actually gets troubled through the loss he has beared but he gradually consents to the notion that, regardless of the external signs of confusion, and disorder the world actually becoming a better place to live in; his friend Hallam enters in to be seen as a messenger of a superior reace which will show way to humankind to lead them to God. As a consequence, In Memoriam portrays the chief Victorian clash of science and faith to be the true work of its era; Tennyson’s effort to settle any sort of doubts that are based on religion which take birth from his not public sorrow and the outcomes of pre-Darwinian theories which are associated to succession were cut down by thinkers of his time as a reasonable landmark. The cyclic modification in the turn from personal anguish and desolation to the bigger vision of the public and apprehension for wider, social problems that can be seen in this poem reveal Tennyson’s mounting reception of and settlement with the issues of his age (Matthew, 2002). Style Tennyson shifts alternately from insensitive misery to self-awareness and gets too see that writing poetry is an antidote for pain. Poems 9 through 17 make up a cluster amalgamated by the poet’s thought on the arrival of Hallam’s body through the ship from Italy. A calmer anguish now encompasses his heart. This anguish due to grief gradually make the mind even firmer, but the more deeper the sorrows are than words keep closed within in his heart. He commences on not to display his emotions openly but as he should. As the elegy gets to its ending, the poet becomes more strongly influenced. His love, even though was seen on their preceding earthly association, is â€Å"vaster passion† which is now that Hallam’s incidence is spiritual and subtle through God and nature. The elegy ends up with the self-assured statement of the poet which shows that the living are real and will supplementarily move humanity’s measures and of the faith in its real sense that will not be highlighted only after death. Because I Could Not Stop for Death Form The tone, or the emotional position of the speaker in this particular poem, is highly significant and the deception in â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death.† Although the theme is related to death, it is not a serious sad thing to talk over. In disagreement, Death is shown to be equal to a wooer in which emerges as fundamentally a fable, with abstractions constantly incarnate. overwhelmed by Death’s consideration and patience, the speaker responds by adding to her aside her work and free time (Vendler, 2004). One sees many of Dickinson’s typical devices at work: the tightly patterned form, based on an undefined subject, the riddle-like puzzle of defining that subject, the shifting of mood from apparent observation to horror, the grotesque images couched in emotionally distant language. All this delineates that experience, that confrontation with God, with nature, with the self, with one’s own mind which is the center of Dickinson’s best poetry. Whether her work looks inward or outward, the subject matter is a confrontation leading to awareness, and part of the terror is that for Dickinson there is never any mediating middle ground; she confronts herself in relation to an abyss beyond. There is no society, no community to make that experience palatable in any but the most grotesque sense of the word, the awful tasting of uncontrollable fear. The second third of the poem changes the proportions. Although the experience is not actually any of the four things she has mentioned above, it is like them all; but now death, the first, is given seven lines, night three, frost only two, and fire is squeezed out altogether. It is like death because she has, after all, seen figures arranged like her own; now her life is â€Å"shaven,/ And fitted to a frame.† It is like night when everything that â€Å"ticked† — again mechanical imagery for a natural phenomenon — has stopped, and like frosts, which in early autumn morns â€Å"Repeal the Beating Ground.† Her vocabulary startles once more: The ground beats with life, but the frost can void it; â€Å"repeal† suggests the law, but nature’s laws are here completely nullified. Finally, in the last stanza, the metaphor shifts completely, and the experience is compared to something new: drowning at sea. It is â€Å"stopless† but â€Å"cool†; the agony that so often marks Dickinson’s poetry may be appropriate to the persona, but nothing around her, neither people nor nature, seems to note it. Most important, there is neither chance nor means of rescue; there is no report of land. Any of these conditions would justify despair, but for the poet, this climatic experience is so chaotic that even despair is not justified, for there is no word of land to despair of reaching. Style Death is a mostly a concern of Dickinson’s poetry. Usually in order to make means of exploration, she will surely check that its objectification all the way through a persona who has already died. The truth is that life is short and death is long. Perhaps in this sobering truth one may find that Dickinson’s poem is as much about life about how one ought to redeem it from the banal as it is about death(Laurence, 2004). One sees many of Dickinson’s typical devices at work: the tightly patterned form, based on an undefined subject, the riddle-like puzzle of defining that subject, the shifting of mood from apparent observation to horror, the grotesque images couched in emotionally distant language. All this delineates that experience, that confrontation with God, with nature, with the self, with one’s own mind which is the center of Dickinson’s best poetry. Whether her work looks inward or outward, the subject matter is a confrontation leading to awareness, and part of the terror is that for Dickinson there is never any mediating middle ground; she confronts herself in relation to an abyss beyond. There is no society, no community to make that experience palatable in any but the most grotesque sense of the word, the awful tasting of uncontrollable fear. The second third of the poem changes the proportions. Although the experience is not actually any of the four things she has mentioned above, it is like them all; but now death, the first, is given seven lines, night three, frost only two, and fire is squeezed out altogether. It is like death because she has, after all, seen figures arranged like her own; now her life is â€Å"shaven,/ And fitted to a frame.† It is like night when everything that â€Å"ticked† — again mechanical imagery for a natural phenomenon — has stopped, and like frosts, which in early autumn morns â€Å"Repeal the Beating Ground.† Her vocabulary startles once more: The ground beats with life, but the frost can void it; â€Å"repeal† suggests the law, but nature’s laws are here completely nullified. Finally, in the last stanza, the metaphor shifts completely, and the experience is compared to something new: drowning at sea. It is â€Å"stopless† but â€Å"cool†; the agony that so often marks Dickinson’s poetry may be appropriate to the persona, but nothing around her, neither people nor nature, seems to note it. Most important, there is neither chance nor means of rescue; there is no report of land. Any of these conditions would justify despair, but for the poet, this climatic experience is so chaotic that even despair is not justified, for there is no word of land to despair of reaching. Content Death appears personified in this poem as a courtly beau who gently insists that the speaker put aside both â€Å"labor† and â€Å"leisure.† He arrives in his carriage, having stopped for her because she could not have stopped for him, and he even submits to a chaperone, â€Å"Immortality,† for the length of their outing together. It was not Death, for I stood up† Riddling becomes less straightforward, but no less central, in such a representative Dickinson poem as â€Å"It was not Death, for I stood up† (#510), in which many of her themes and techniques appear. The first third of the poem, two stanzas of the six, suggest what the â€Å"it† is not: death, night, frost, or fire. Each is presented in a couplet, but even in those pairs of lines, Dickinson manages to disconcert her reader. It is not death, for the persona is standing upright, the difference between life and death reduced to one of posture. Nor is it night, for the bells are chimin g noon — but Dickinson’s image for that fact is also unnatural. The bells are mouths, their clappers tongues, which are â€Å"Put out†; personification here does not have the effect of making the bells more human, but of making them grotesque, breaking down as it does the barriers between such normally discrete worlds as the mechanical and the human, a distinction that Dickinson often dissolves. Moreover, the notion of the bells sticking out their tongues suggests their contemptuous attitude toward man. In stanza two, it is not frost because hot winds are crawling on the persona’s flesh. The hackneyed phrase is reversed, so it is not coolness, but heat that makes flesh crawl, and not the flesh itself that crawls, but the winds upon it; nor is it fire, for the persona’s marble feet â€Å"Could keep a Chancel, cool.† Again, the persona is dehumanized, now grotesquely marble. While accomplishing this, Dickinson has also begun her inclusion of sense data, pervasive in the first part of the poem, so that the confrontation is not only intellectual and emotional but physical as well (Hood, 2000). The second third of the poem changes the proportions. Although the experience is not actually any of the four things she has mentioned above, it is like them all; but now death, the first, is given seven lines, night three, frost only two, and fire is squeezed out altogether. It is like death because she has, after all, seen figures arranged like her own; now her life is â€Å"shaven,/ And fitted to a frame.† It is like night when everything that â€Å"ticked† — again mechanical imagery for a natural phenomenon — has stopped, and like frosts, which in early autumn morns â€Å"Repeal the Beating Ground.† Her vocabulary startles once more: The ground beats with life, but the frost can void it; â€Å"repeal† suggests the law, but nature’s laws are here completely nullified. Finally, in the last stanza, the metaphor shifts completely, and the experience is compared to something new: drowning at sea. It is â€Å"stopless† but â€Å"cool†; the agony that so often marks Dickinson’s poetry may be appropriate to the persona, but nothing around her, neither people nor nature, seems to note it. Most important, there is neither chance nor means of rescue; there is no report of land. Any of these conditions would justify despair, but for the poet, this climatic experience is so chaotic that even despair is not justified, for there is no word of land to despair of reaching. Thus, one sees many of Dickinson’s typical devices at work: the tightly patterned form, based on an undefined subject, the riddle-like puzzle of defining that subject, the shifting of mood from apparent observation to horror, the grotesque images couched in emotionally distant language. All this delineates that experience, that confrontation with God, with nature, with the self, with one’s own mind which is the center of Dickinson’s best poetry. Whether her work looks inward or outward, the subject matter is a confrontation leading to awareness, and part of the terror is that for Dickinson there is never any mediating middle ground; she confronts herself in relation to an abyss beyond. There is no society, no community to make that experience palatable in any but the most grotesque sense of the word, the awful tasting of uncontrollable fear (Barton ,2008) Conclusion In this paper we have analysed two brilliant works of poetry, one In Memoriam by Tennyson as compared to Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Dickinson. We have analysed both the works in terms of their content, form and style and evaluate how they have been done by their respective writers. References Barton, A. (2008). Tennyson’s Name: Identity and Responsibility in the Poetry of Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate,. Hood, J. (2000). Divining Desire: Tennyson and the Poetics of Transcendence. Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate, Laurence. M. (2004). W. Alfred Tennyson: The Critical Legacy. Rochester, N.Y.: Camden House, Matthew, C.( 2002). The Consolation of Otherness: The Male Love Elegy in Milton, Gray, and Tennyson. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland,. Richard,B. (2004). Experience and Faith: The Late-Romantic Imagination of Emily Dickinson. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, Lundin, Roger. Emily Dickinson and the Art of Belief. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans, 2004. Vendler, H. (2004). Hennessey. Poets Thinking: Pope, Whitman, Dickinson, Yeats. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Analysis Of Club Meds Essay

Club Mediterranee was created in 1950 under the law of 1901, through the initiative of a former member of the Belgian water polo team, Gerald Blitz. The idea came to him following a visit to his sister in 1949 at the Olympic Village of Calvi, in Corsica. It was formed along a quite singular concept, that of offering â€Å"all inclusive â€Å"holidays. Sixty years later, Club Med annually welcomes over 1.7 million guests from all over the world, to around 90CM villages in seaside and mountain locations. To cater its guests, also called GM’s (â€Å"Gentils members† or gracious members). Each holiday village has its own structure that is exclusive to club med: the structure is composed of the following The Gentils Organisateurs (GO’s) or gracious organizers. A staff category, including entertainers, group leaders, but also others. Job functions including heads of maintenance, swimming instructors, cooks, human resource directors and many others The gracious employees (GE) who include the waiters and gardeners and usually come from the country hosting the club. Both gracious organizers and gracious employees may be seasonal workers or permanently employed depending on the length of the time that the club has been open. Pillars behind the club’s performance The club has a unique type of staff organization, which is part of the unchangeable pillar of the club. It has exceptional quality of its locations, which distinguishes it from its competitors making the club to be more successful. The club has also managed to find and secure the most beautiful and well-preserved sites in the world, thus contributing to an added competitive advantage. The club ranks its villages in five categories (tridents) according to their locations, their infrastructures and the services offered. Their establishment of the villages ranges from simple huts to a 5-trident establishment. The villages with huts and those currently classified up to three tridents are scheduled to gradually disappear, making a way for additional up-market villages, more in keeping with the club’s new strategy. The first Club Med village was a temporary tent located in the Alcudia in the Balearic Islands. To help him launch his first session, he sought assistance from his friends who he had managed during the pre-war sports. On the club’s first season, they operated on a leased plot near Palma. The tents and the basic cooking necessities were bought in an American army surplus store in Germany. Blitz idea was to involve guests in the successful running of the village. This concept facilitated meeting people and abolishing financial and class barriers for the duration of the holiday through a multitude of activities, sports and excursions. This eventually led for Blitz contacting the Trigano et Fils for additional materials, tents and camping equipment. This eventually led to him meeting Gilbert Trigano his elder brother, a few years later they joined forces and in 1963, he actually became the chairperson and the managing director. (Zaleznik, 1997). In 1952, club med also built its first village with huts in Greece. The construction of a number of further hut villages followed, then more robust constructions in bricks and mortar, more similar to hotels. The first club was built in Agadir under the encouragement of King Hassan II. In 1960, the club almost went bankrupt under the management of the burner. It was saved by Edmond de Rothschild, who came to own 35% shares. In 1966, for the first time, the club was listed on the Paris Stock Exchange. At the beginning of the seventies, the club’s finances were still wanting and Gilbert Trigano, the manager at the time had to seek a considerable injection of new capital. This was when nine new shareholders, including Gianni Agnelli gained a majority of the company’s capital. His participation led to the opening of the first village in Italy. He remained in possession of 23.9% of the capital up to until 2004. A major innovation was introduced afterwards with the first †˜Mini Club Med† a special children’s club catering to all ages, from babies to teenagers. This formed a strong pillar of the enterprise and that is even today, an important criterion for comparing with the competitors. The club later launched a public promotional campaign, which led to the opening of a new club in Brazil in 1979 preceded by the USA during the following year. Four years later the club opened premises in Wall Street, where its shares were listed. In 1980’s the club launched its first sailing ship the â€Å"Club Med I†, and two years later, they launched â€Å"Club Med II†. They also acquired an airline afterwards. Due to these acquisitions, the club started experiencing crisis due to a drop in guest numbers and also its debts increased which three years later, Gilbert Trigano decided to hand over the leadership to his son, Serge. The leadership by Serge ended with huge losses up to 113 million euros in 1996 and 150 million euros in 1977. He was replaced by Phillipe Bourguignon whose ambition was to transform a company of holiday villages to a company of services. There followed the launch of a new promotional campaign that also marked a key date in the history of Club Med (Spring, 2002). In the 20th century, there began renovation of the villages and more competitive price positioning. A number of innovations emerged with the creation of Med World, a venue for concerts and evening entertainment, where the guests could meet up before or after their holidays. In 2001, Oyyo Club concept was created and it aimed at a younger population (18-25 years). In the same year, the Gymnase club was acquired and turned into the Club Med Gym. This year the club was debuted on the internet. The years 2000 resulted in both extreme sailing competitions and participation in hypermarkets through a range of sportswear. Club’s Current Operations                      In 2000, the turnover had grown by 28% compared to the previous years and the operating profits rose to 103 million euros. However the villages were disinfected in the year 2002/2003 leading to a deficit of 6 million euros. This led to the replacement of the manager, Pierre Bourguignon by Henri Giscard d’Estaing. An upheaval occurred later in the shareholding structure. The club sold 28.9% of the share stock to the Accor group, which led to the launch of a new strategy: to make Club Med the leader in up-market, convivial and multi-cultural holidays. This meant that the club would no longer be a mass package holiday organization aiming for high volumes, but rather high-end organization reflecting its exceptional locations. It would continue to be convivial and multicultural. This global strategy is reflected in villages created to be refined in the fact that the villages are now designed by renowned architects and designers, generosity in the attention given to the children with supervision, entertainment and ensured activities for all groups and offering the guests a choice in their preferred means of transport, offering a choice in the wide range of activity options, between sports course spa treatment weeks etc. This strategy led to the abandonment of villages that did not correspond to the new strategy (villages with huts to those with 2 tridents) in order to concentrate on the three and four tridents that offer a return on investment of 9 to 15%. The club sold some of its villages and this enabled it to clear debts and was able to finance the success of the remaining villages. Between 2004 and 2008, over 50 villages were closed down and 20 new ones opened. Today, Club Med manages 80 villages around the world. Club Med communicated its new strategy by launching a new advertising and communication campaign in 2005, under the signature: â€Å"There is still so much world to discover† (Discover new worlds, discover new people), also called the â€Å"Faces Campaign†. It was aimed showing in concrete terms that Club Med had evolved and positioned itself towards the top end of the market. In 2007, a new advertising campaign reinforced their upmarket positioning with the signature. This promotional campaign sought to show tangible proof of this up scaling. The second event was the launching of the first 5-trident Club with the opening of a second village in Mauritius. Classification of the villages reached a new standard, demonstrating the determination to aim higher end of the market. 2007-2008: there were challenges like unfavorable environment that included soaring of petrol prices and a financial crisis. The club had also to face a decreasing accommodation capacity due to the ne w focus on certain villages and reduced opening periods of the 2 and 3-trident villages. It also succeeded in escaping from debts in this year with net profit of 1 million euros after four years of losses. The shareholding base was still fluctuating with the Accor group selling a large percentage of its holdings, remaining with less than 9 % and still it was planning to discontinue its investment. The company is having difficulty in realizing profits since they increased their tariffs, which eventually led to a rapid loss of customers. Up to the year 2009, the group was still in deficit due to real estate charges connected to the closure of certain villages. The commercial potential of Club Med remains essentially in Asia. The Asian market represents a large share of the 60 million potential customers worldwide. The transformation of the club into a global specialist in all – inclusive, up-market and multicultural holidays is real as the chairperson, Henri Giscard d’Estaing is confident in the strategies that he applied. The club is now offering the most accessible, up-market holiday. Asia was responsible for the club’s turnover in 2006-2007, whereby it was estimated that 26 million out of the 60 million potential customers are Asians. Despite the unfavorable environmental context in Asia, i.e. The tsunami of 2004, an outbreak of avian flu and terrorist at tacks, the customers in this region continue increasing.The developers of the internet; greater customer loyalty and a lengthening of the average duration of stays have boosted the levels of growth in Asia. The club also has extended to china and in 2006, they opened a new agency in Canton, thus consolidating its commercial development strategy with the Chinese, as they were the population that was spending an increasing amount of time and money on holidays. Although the club is investigating all opportunities for development, including extending to other countries like the Philippines and Indonesia, the management is also counting on the Asians travelling outside of their home zone. Although the Asian continent has as many cultures as it has countries, it seems to share the same attitudes concerning holidays. Studies carried out has shown that behavior is very similar across the continent, in particular with regard to Club Meds population. To achieve the Asian market targets, the club involves two aspects: The first is the duration of the holidays: Asians do not have many days’ holidays and they therefore spend only four or five days in the club on average. This holiday consumption necessarily influences the club’s occupation rates. Another aspect is the lifestyle adopted by the Asians. They appreciate all activities including archery, kayaking, aqua gym etc. They are always happiest indoors with the air conditioning. They thus adore Club Med as it offers all these activities and adds the karaoke. Studies have been done to investigate on the ways to attract customers worldwide and preserve the current ones with the primary family target implied to goods and services. These are: The offer must be refined in the right locations, high quality villages, a dedicated team, and a high cuisine as well. Studies also show the importance of the all-inclusive formula with the need to suit the whole family, and a flexibility of services to match the inclinations of all. Rooms’ should be extremely comfortable and with modern communication facilities. CITATION Chr97 l 1033 (Clayton, 1997) Club Med is not faced with direct competition in terms positioning. In Asia, for example, the competition is situated essentially on the traditional luxury market. However, sometimes the competition is local. For example, although in Bintan, Club Meds major competitor is Banyan Tree. In order to satisfy customer demand and potential customers while at the same time affirming its new strategy, Club Med has orchestrated its actions around innovation, renovation and service. Club Med has invested over 50 million euros in the renovation of its villages in the Asia-pacific area, where it has ten villages after having closed down five that no longer met the standards of top-end establishments. Apart from the village and room aspect, the activities and the organization have also been reconsidered according to customer expectations. The children’s supervised entertainment and activities, one of the pillars of Club Med has been systematically reconsidered and more widely deployed. Other infrastructures for catering to children have been set in place or renovated. A baby Club Med has been opened in Bali together with a password for teenagers and the renovation of the Petit Club Med and Mini Club Med. Apart from the children’s supervised activities and entertainment, the upscaling of service is particularly demanding in Asia, where regional standards are higher than the rest of the world. The club has used local advertising, communications systems to market their operations. Making the transition from a volume culture to a valuable culture is not without repercussions on the employees’ attitudes. This is the reason why Club Meds human resources have been closely linked to its strategy, which is reflected in the Club’s drive to attract and keep talented employees. Leading to several, initiatives being implemented in terms of recruitment, training and career management. GM Feedback, a major indicator of strategic success is the level of satisfaction shows that the criterion â€Å"Intention to return† is particularly high in Asia overall, which is encouraging for future years. This intention is because of the excellent marks given by customers to the criteria of child supervision/ entertainment, the general atmosphere and the GO teams. In order to measure the impact of the changes, The Research Pacific Group carried out a study. Although criticism persists, it tends to focus on three dimensions: the price, now considered too high: the comfort of the rooms, that could be still improved, and the lack of freedom. (Franco, 1972) The study essentially highlights is the enthusiasm of potential customers for Club Med, in that the mentality that Club Med is a rather old-fashioned type of resort, but rather as the ideal holiday venue for the family, where a multitude of activities and discover a special atmosphere. Another study endeavored to measure t he perception of Club Med via an internet buzz, Club Med is ranked third among the island’s resorts, in the Indonesian islands of Bintan. This position was won thanks to the service, children’s services, the GO team and the variety of activities offered. This position clearly shows that Club Med has joined the upper crust with its luxury hotels, and is confirmed by another example in Bali where Club Med has been ranked fifth. This satisfactory ranking was made possible thanks to service in a broad sense, which includes cleanliness, the GO team and the activities offered. Recent figures published show that turnover has increased 1.9%, in spite of a context of economic crisis affecting all operators in the sector. Business is growing in all zones; while the capacity, as scheduled, has been decreased by 3.1%. Asia recorded 5.2 % (highest growth), Although Club Med benefits globally from the region’s economic dynamism, and it is nevertheless slowed down by up scaling operations that have been accompanied by an 11% average increase in price. The new strategy is attracting new customers, from the point of view of quality; the â€Å"family† strategy engaged by Club Med is working since recruitment is made essentially on this target, with 63% of the Asian clientele structure made up of families (Hart, 1990). Issues And Recommendations In Club Med                      Throughout the past sixty years, Club Med has never really had a chance to profit from a break and the relaxation it succeeds in offering its own guests. The geopolitical climate has often caused difficulties, like the Gulf War of 1990-1991 or the terrorist attack of Bali in 2002, but it also evident that the company has created its own problems. The consistency and coherence of the current strategy are the first for close to 15years and there has been criticism and more obstacles than in any other company (E, 1985). Club Med has an aura of great brand, out of the ordinary, enthusing the public and at the same time receiving all sorts of more or less negative comments. The fame enjoyed by Club Med since its beginning has never weakened and both the customers and the non –customers all over the world have heard about the Club Med and are capable of saying a few words about it. Evidently, this has contributed to its international recognition bu t it has also complicated its task since it has been trying to effect a repositioning; changing mentalities is a longer and more complex task than changing strategy. Three principle challenges seem to stand out for the future of Club Med: environmental, political and organizational. The first challenge is environmental. The whole history of Club Med has been intimately linked to natural disasters, pandemics and financial crises. For example, in Asia the region has suffered from Tsunami, an outbreak of avian flu and terrorist attacks. This is the law of tourism, but it has affected Club Made even more now than in the past, since it’s owns the majority of its villages and its overheads weigh heavily on its balance sheet. This challenge is particularly taken into account in the new strategy where the type of clientele targeted is, for example less sensitive to the financial hazards. Moreover, all new constructions are realized taking into account the possible risks of a Tsunami or an earthquake in areas at risk (WILEY, 1983). Another challenge is political in two senses. The first is connected to the environmental aspect. The challenge of political decisions in the countries where Club Med is active is considerable. The prevailing laws, local requirements and legal obligations to make the taking of risks inevitable in emerging countries, risks that will necessarily have an impact on the financial results. At the same time, by not taking these risks, the Club may be exposing itself to overtaking by the competition that could undermine its historic position as the pioneer. (Hart, 1990) The second sense of the political challenge lies in its singular position in France. Since the club’s activities have been in the headlines, with the opening of villages to movements of capital in its shareholding structure, the worlds of business, politics and the media have been taking an inordinate interest, more so than they would have done for any other company of this size. Club MED has often taken advantage of t his position, which has frequently enabled it to build villages in areas where building permits are difficult to obtain, but at the same time every strategy, it advances is commented, analyzed, dissected and criticized before the new village has been opened. The Club Med also face the organizational challenge, which gives rise to a number of problematic issues. The first is that of resources and ambitions. Club Med is striving to become the world leader of â€Å"all- inclusive† top end, convivial and multicultural holidays. The product it is developing today seems to fit this strategy, but the question remains whether the club has sufficient resources to realize its ambitions, and whether it has the resources to undertake a planetary strategy with the financial capacity of a large SME. Given its large size, it’s also questionable whether the club is capable of succeeding on the three great markets of Europe, Asia-pacific and America. No holiday village operator could succeed and its competitors are often regional operators. With this, there arises a significant question of whether the club will have to give way to a worldwide operator in the short term to medium term as Accor did. This is hastened by the fact that the clubà ¢â‚¬â„¢s capital is fluctuating thus making it an easy prey for tourism experts and others. This last challenge seems to be the most complex to resolve. The problem of service issue in the club’s upscaling operation and the general size of the club is questionable. There has been many cases of failures in the leadership. CITATION Zal97 l 1033 (Zaleznik, 1997) As in the year during the management by Serge Trigano, the club was operating at losses and this eventually led to its slow growth to the upscaling market. The decisions made by the managers also were wanting as in the case of the increase in the tariffs, which eventually led to a hemorrhage of customers. The club, after the closure of some of its villages, it started operating at losses due to the huge real estate charges involved. The decision taken to launch an airline also affected the club negatively as they recorded a loss of 60 million euros. The strategy adopted in the year 2000, although it managed to bring in a huge turnover, there were attached costs penalizing Club Med and its customers found difficulty in recognizing exactly where the club stood in the club stood in the market. This led to losses in that business year. The disinfection of villages in the year 2002/2003 led to difficulties within the club and they recorded tremendous deficits. During this period, the club also lost the majority of its shareholders. During the year 2007-2008, Club Med had to adjust to an unfavorable environment. Soaring petrol prices followed by a financial crisis. The club also faced a decreasing accommodation capacity due to its decision to focus on certain villages and reduced opening periods for the 2- and 3- trident villages. During this period, the shareholding base continued reducing as their main shareholder; the Accor group sold a large percentage of its holdings and was still planning to continue its divestment. The club also has another major weakness: its focus is entirely on the Asian market. It is developing strategies and making acute efforts to improve their position in the Asian market. This has minimized their profits. If the club would target, setting up villages in many parts of the world they would be at a better competitive advantage to its competitors. Understanding what Club Med has become through its new strategies is a main challenge. The club explains its concepts and how it operates in Asian markets. This is usually in conflict as these same Asians have prospects of what they would like to see. I.e. Their needs and expectations are not e European the same as those of the European counterparts regarding the fundamental criterion of the quality of service provided. Recommendations                      Effective use of technology, which can be done in terms of two methods, which are Promotion, and online marketing. In regards to promotion, Club Med can offer package deals to the customers in which each package deal comes with its own unique set of activities, perfect location, breath-taking cuisines and culture friendly yet involved. In the case of online marketing since advertisement is only done locally, Cub Med can target the international community since this era we are is digitally driven. Online marketing would draw untapped enthusiasm from tourist seeking thrill and social travelling. Experiencing other cultures would be the main attraction since it has numerous tridents that offer different reception of cultures. Globalization has made it possible for the introduction of a small representation of culture in different countries such as the presence of china town in the New York. Club Med could benefit from representation of other tridents in the same tridents since its focus is in Asia. Club Med can represent the other tridents in the Asian one enough to create a need of satisfaction. This could help market the other tridents. Club Med can also reduce their tariffs imposed on the customers. This would lead to increased customer turnover and eventually they would register enormous profits. They should also adopt an efficient product mix to attract the number of potential shareholders. The club could also work on improving their infrastructure for catering for all age groups. They could provide better communication appliances in the customer’s rooms to make them comfortable. This would satisfy their customers and thus no chance of losing them to their competitors (E, 1985). Club Med could also channel its efforts to target on a larger market scope rather than coming up with strategies to favour the Asian continent. They should establish various villages in many places in the world. This would ensure that they get a high turnover. Their forthcoming tridents should be located in environmentally viable locations to minimize the chances of disasters and events like terrorist attacks. They should also have some basic guidelines that every decision made by any director should be first screened, voted in by the majority shareholders, vetted and test for market efficiency. This would reduce the chances of managers making ambiguous decisions and coming up with inappropriate strategies that would lead to huge losses, which strains the recovery. To effectively cater for the Asian community, which lacks holidays, Club Med could come up with a strategy that would introduce festivities, such as Cultural nights, music festivals, amongst others. This would influence the preferences of the Asian community positively in hindsight during holidays. They should also seek to renovate their villages and add to them many ideas of interactive workshops with babies and parents. This would ensure that they are at par with the local com petition. (WILEY, 1983) References Clayton, C. (1997). The Innovator’s Dilemma. New York: Havard Business School Pres. E, M. (1985). Competitive Advantage. Free press. Club Mà ©diterranà ©e. (N.d.). Retrieved November 26, 2014, from http://medlibrary.org/medwiki/Club_Mà ©diterranà ©e Destination News – Hotel, Resort & Spa North America. (2009, September 21). Airguide Online. Franco, V., & Perl, M. (1972). The Club MediterraneÃŒ e (Abridged. Ed.). London: Shepheard-Walwyn. Hart, C. (1990). Club Med (A) (Rev. 11/15/90. ed.). Boston, Mass.: President and Fellows of Harvard College :. Pavlovic, T. (n.d.). Club Mà ©diterranà ©e: One of the most optimal formulas of club vacation in sport and recreation tourism. Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cviji?, SASA, 203-211. WILEY, J. (1983). Noel Managing Strategic change:Technical,political,and cultural dynamics. New York. Zaleznik, A. (1997). Managers and leaders . New York: Havard Business Review. (n.d.). Retrieved November 26, 2014, from http://inpublic.globenewswire.com/2013/06/25/Club Mà ©diterranà ©e Gaillon Invest improves the terms of its offer on the securities of the company HUG1711730.html Source document

Abstract Art

Abstract Art Essay Abstract Expressionism is the form of art that has developed after the most difficult periods in human history. This period began during the great depression in the 1930s and ended with the end of World War II in 1945. All of this brought about a worldwide examination of basic human values and ethics and a period of dramatic change in art. Abstract Expressionism is the name given to a group of American artists who would gain international attention during the 1950s. As a result from the Second World War, many of the great European artists in which they found themselves expelled to New York. The result of this advancement to the American art was the post-war international authority that had to the Abstract Expressionists, and the movement that would be the centre for the art world that progressed from Europe to New York. Even though the Great Depression and World War II were great disasters, these events were important in forcing a number of the European artists to flee Europe for the safety of the United States, where they influenced many younger American artists. It was difficult to know exactly how much of this migration would affect American art, but in part of its impact, would be for the first time in which American artists would become internationally recognized for their new vision and a new artistic vocabulary, in which would be known as Abstract Expressionism. Even though abstract expressionism is the movement in painting that has emerged in New York City in the mid-1940s and has reached fame in American art for the following decade. With the given impulsion from the work of Arshile Gorky, abstract expressionism would be marked by the attention that would surface qualities, like brushstroke and texture. Some of the major artists that were included in this movement would include: Jackson Pollock, Willem De Kooning, Hans Hofmann, Robert Motherwell, Franz Kline, and Mark Rothko. Abstract Expressionism was primarily concerned with the spontaneous declaration of the individual through the act of painting. The movement would contain lots of variety for styles in which they would be characterized more by the concepts that would be behind the art than by a specific look. Generally, abstract art would be without recognizable images and wouldnt adhere to the limits of predictable form. The roots of abstract expressionism would be in the nonfigurative work from the Russian-born painter Wassily Kandinsky and surrealists, who would deliberately use the subconscious and spontaneity in creative activity. The American painters that would be influenced by the subjective abstractions from the Armenian-born painter Arshile Gorky, who had immigrated to the United States in 1920, who in which he stressed the dynamic interaction of colored planes. The abstract expressionism movement would be centered in New York City. Even though the styles would have embraced within the abstract expressionism that was as diverse as the styles from the painters themselves; there were two major tendencies that were noted in the movement. Abstract painters were concerned with the paint texture and consistency that was worked with the gestures from the artist and while the painters would be giving their impact on their work by using unified color and shape. Abstract art would also be flourished in Europe especially because it is where it was influenced by French painters such as: Nicolas de Sta? Â «l, Pierre Soulages, and Jean Dubuffet. The European abstract expressionists were emphasized by the patches of color, and the art informal, in which it was a rejected formal structure, that had especially close resemblance with New York painting. Abstract Expressionism would be classified by two basic categories: the gestural Abstract Expressionists, who are interested in brushstrokes and drips of paint; and the colour field Abstract Expressionists, in which they create large canvases of color, in the mark of the brush that is not important. READ: Art Appreciation Ch. 4.3Basically, the individual artists that got to be involved with Abstract Expressionism would be that they all shared ideas about the nature of art, seeing it as an expression of the artists self, or of the basic creative urge that all humans share. Since one of the important developments that would be associated with the colour field of Abstract Expressionists would be the creation of a 20th century sublime. Traditionally, the sublime would be a piece from the 19th century art, in which it was the power of nature would be revealed by the character of God. Artists began to express their feelings and thoughts in abstract form. However, the difference here would be that they are expressing these abstract ideas and feelings within their energy that had never been seen before as they tried to find a way of putting their excitement, inner feelings and even torment into a concrete form. The Abstract Expressionists were thought as a group that shared a common experience, however, as individuals they did not think of themselves as a group with common ideals. The similarities that were between the artists was that they all wanted to use their personal intuition in order to make something new and distinctively American, yet commonly valid and unprovincial. Within The Abstract Expressionist Movement, there were different groups of artists that had a particular style. The emergence of the Abstract Expressionist in America had a profound effect on the rest of the art world, because it was relocated to the center of the art. Many factors caused America to be the new center of Creativity. Political and economical causes such as the Great Depression and world war II, as well as former artistic genres such as Surrealism, Social Realism, and primitive American art influenced the Abstract Expressionist new style.

Business Plan of photgraphy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Plan of photgraphy - Essay Example Prices may vary from to time, though. I aim to take Viral Images to the next level. My goal for 5-year operation is to compete with major photography Studios in Houston. In order to achieve that, I am pushing Viral Images to a corporate status in the near future. I want to make connections with my friends on the photography school. I am sure my passion for photography will take me to the peak of my goals. Capital is vital. I am taking the major part of my finances from my savings. I am also granted a loan from a commercial bank in Houston because my feasibility study has convinced the loan and credit department that my plan will be successful and lucrative in few years’ time as forecasted. Photography business has been a source of income for some people who have the resources to build photography schools and studios – most of them are partnerships and corporations. Taking photographs and processing quality pictures are in demand services in Houston. In my case, I love to work for wedding and portraits – simply creative stuff that makes my life kicking. There is more complexity in the industry as a whole that’s why I am breaking every integral part into pieces simplified for a sole ownership and operation in the meantime. I am a professional photographer myself that’s why I am confident to take the risk to make a name in the industry. The competition is stiff but my unique and practical approaches will make me thrive in the market. Nevertheless, I am not competing big names – I am making my own and paving my own path towards photography. Giving importance to the structure and organization of my photography business can help me achieve my goals in no time. The chart below gives enough details with the organizational structure of my photography business: Viral Images is a sole proprietorship business but as forecasted in the near future – I am pushing my business endeavor to a corporate

Censorship of the internet in Saudi Arabia Essay

Censorship of the internet in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example There are many ways wherein the use of the Internet is being control and censored throughout Saudi Arabia. Among the common strategy used in filtering the content, the World Wide Web (WWW) traffic has to pass through the main proxy server at ISU. (Al-Tawil, 2001) This process will enable the machine to automatically log all activities that happens using the Internet. In line with the need to filter the Internet content, the ISP proxies are given the power to block or filter any sites that violates the cultural, moral, and religious beliefs of people in Saudi Arabia including pornographic and gay sites whereas the ISP servers are required to keep a one-month activity log of all IP address, user name, time and date of activity of each subscribers (Internet Filtering in Saudi Arabia, 2009). Strictly for control purposes, ISPs could use firewalls to increase their network security (ibid). With the use of control and censorship of Internet use, Saudi Arabian government could easily trace the source of crime in order to give justice to the victims. Some people argue that censoring the Internet is very important for the government and people. In line with this argument, Klang & Murray (2005) explained that â€Å"Saudi Arabia uses technology developed by Secure Computing Corporation, the makers of Smart Filer, at the national level to filter access to human rights, dissident, gambling sites and pornography† (p. 122). Likewise, the act of controlling the use of the Internet can be useful in tracking suspects of online crimes (WorldNetDaily , 2009). Since the Internet technology is capable of transmitting high quality photos and images online (Horrigan, 2006), a lot of people have committed themselves to the online marketing of pornographic materials such as the cyberspace (Thornburgh & Lin, 2002). The problem with the use of the Internet browsers such as Google and Yahoo is

Behaving ethically can lead to higher profits for a company Essay

Behaving ethically can lead to higher profits for a company - Essay Example Companies have different programs to expand their brand popularity. Joyner highlights an example of Toms, a renowned shoe company, as among the businesses that embrace ethics in their operations (1). According to Joyner, business that embrace social responsibility have started to favor the â€Å"buy one, give one† strategy. For every pair sold by Toms, it gives a pair. The company donates the pair to children in developing regions such as Malawi, Haiti, or Peru. By 2014, Toms had donated nearly ten million pairs of shoes and currently experiences massive sale volumes for its shoe brands. Remarkably, donations have served to expand Toms’ shoe brand dominance in the market because customers buy with the urge to help the needy. Besides having high quality shoe brands, Toms’ selling strategy has contributed to its market expansion. Particularly, it enjoys high sales among the youths. It sells brands that are highly appealing to teenagers. That justifies its strong br and and high sales. Among the vital responsibilities of every business that embraces ethical operations is to ensure employees receive decent salaries and work in safe conditions. Employees are critical to business’ success and should be subject to safe working conditions. An example of unethical business is the case of Rana plaza that collapsed in Bangladesh, resulting in the death of 1137 people. By 2014, April 24 nearly 250 people were mission since the incidence that occurred on April 24, 2013, a year on (Institute for Global Labor and Human Rights, 2014). The Rana Plaza factory collapse accident has been termed a fatal and deadliest disaster. The case represents poor working conditions in which employees are exposed to eminent danger. Furthermore, the employees lack proper insurance cover. That represents unethical business operations. According to the report by the Institute for Global Labor and Human Rights (1),

Health and Safety in the Construction Industry Term Paper

Health and Safety in the Construction Industry - Term Paper Example The National Audit Office report established, among other things, that the accident rate in the United Kingdom was one of the lowest in the European Union.   In 2002-2003, 226 workers were fatally injured, and about 70% of these were construction workers; about 4000 construction workers suffered minor injuries, and health records indicated that musculoskeletal diseases were prevalent among the workers.   These numbers are very alarming.   They imply that there are not enough safety precautions in place to prevent injuries and to ensure the safety of these construction workers.   The statement of the NAO in their report stressed that those creating the health risks are also legally responsible for controlling and managing such risk.   The report goes on to say that everybody has to safeguard his own safety and the safety of those affected by their work.   These statements imply that those who create the risk and those who are exposed to the risk bear the responsibility of keeping each other safe.   The report was able to establish that many stakeholders in the construction industry are not aware of their responsibilities in the industry.   And this lack of knowledge and lack of awareness is impacting greatly on the health and safety performance of stakeholders involved.   The report cites that some public sector agencies are sometimes too preoccupied and are more concerned with getting the lowest possible price for various construction projects and that they ignore the whole life costs and the health and safety of the workers who will later be invol ved in the project.   Many designers also are not aware of their responsibilities, and some of them actually think that they do not have any duties or responsibilities towards their employees.   These beliefs are very dangerous in the construction industry.   They place construction workers in a position that exposes them to serious injuries and possibly unfortunate fatalities.   The NAO report serves as a warning, an eye-opener for all the stakeholders in the construction industry. There are various cases of violations of the Health and Safety Act as far as the construction industry is concerned.  

Public relations news release Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Public relations news release - Assignment Example h almost 19 years of experience in the academia, impressed the Grove search committee enough to be considered eligible for deanship of the business school at Grove. While having served in different academic positions over the years including vice deanship at a business school, Suarez has never been the dean at any school before. â€Å"This is my dream job and there is no place I’d rather be than at one of the best institutions in the world,† Suarez added. Born and raised in Joplin, Suarez is a married man in his fifties and fathers two children. â€Å"We feel fortunate to be able to secure a person who is so highly qualified to lead our outstanding business program,† said Luke Hammer, 62, a former CEO at Logitech and the current president at Grove. â€Å"We expect great things from Carlos Suarez, and we know he’ll take us to new heights.† Grove College is a private college that seeks to equip its students with the skills and knowledge needed to excel globally. The nationally ranked business school at Grove offers degrees in finance, management, marketing and accounting among others, with a total current enrollment of 10,000 undergraduate and 2,000 graduate

Street Food Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Street Food Marketing - Essay Example The target consumer for our food production is the low and middle-income class consumers. Based on behavioral statistics, these consumers will most likely prefer to take food on from the street. This group of consumers constitutes the largest of Plymouth residents, which makes our market target quite promising. However, with the pot sticker dumpling being a new introduction into this area, the initial sales are not expected to be high as compared to similar street foods. Sales are expected to rise with more consumers getting aware of the food’s existence in the area. In the bid to create awareness, the business shall make adverts be posted on local food guide websites such as the eatoutdevon.com website. As the team seeks to introduce this unique food into this highly competitive street food market, three areas shall be focused on including the quality of the product as compared to similar foods. Other areas will include legal requirements and registration, consumer behavior and reaction, and the level of competition and impact on the business. Concerning the quality of the pot sticker dumplings, the team will consider hiring professional chef highly experienced in the making of this product. If the food is of its best quality, the consumers’ reaction is expected to be positive and thus will influence their tendency to buy more. While the government of Plymouth requires every business seeking operational permits to trade, special licenses are offered to street food vendors based on authorized locations to trade.

INTERNATIONAL BANKING - LAW AND PRACTICE Coursework

INTERNATIONAL BANKING - LAW AND PRACTICE - Coursework Example The underlying aspects of suretyship guarantees are that they are effective upon certain conditions, whereas demand guarantees are simply effective upon demand. The underlying reason as to why issuers need instruments to be suretyships is that in a deal of guarantee, the surety accepts a secondary liability to responds for the debtor, who rests primarily responsible. In a contract of indemnity the surety assumes a primary liability, either alone or jointly with the principal debtor. The cases mentioned above will be looked at as to what the courts decide in determining demand and suretyship guarantees, and all information has been extracted directly from the case reports. Demand Guarantees Demand guarantees are written agreements made by a guarantor to assure a beneficiary, subject to the conditions in the agreement. The guarantee is an agreement between the guarantor and the beneficiary. Thus, if an employer is specified a demand guarantee by a bank in respect of the responsibilitie s of a contractor, the contractor is not a party to the agreement. Therefore, the beneficiary is in a strong situation should there be a default. Demand guarantees are contracts and can be generated by either a simple contract or executed as a deed (Birchal & Ramus, 2012). Banks generally set demand guarantees. There are two basic types: on demand guarantees (often referred to as on demand bonds) and documentary demand guarantees. On demand guarantees essentially necessitate a guarantor to make payment to a beneficiary upon request to do so. In the case of documentary demand guarantees, payment will only be made on the securing, by the beneficiary, of the papers required by the terms of the guarantee. These, for example, may be documents proving a court judgment (Birchal & Ramus, 2012). Banks support demand guarantees since they do not need to get tangled in legal opinions and disputes following a default; their view is generally direct. However, their situation is not so reasonable for those necessary to provide demand guarantees. Take, for example, a contractor required to provide a 20% demand guarantee with regards of a $100,000 contract. The guarantee will be the amount of $20,000. The contractor’s bank supplying the guarantee will handle the price of the guarantee as contractors credit and will, therefore, reduce any credit amenities offered to the contractor by this amount. In addition, the bank will undoubtedly require security from the contractor to backup the credit. Both these activities will disturb a contractor’s cash flow and make it more challenging for him to execute contracts. Indeed, the functional competence of a construction firm can be decreased by the obligation to deliver demand guarantees. A contractor in this situation may also sense insecurity, especially where on demand guarantees are delivered. The contractor has insignificant entitlements to avoid a bank paying against an on demand guarantee. Banks will pay on demand a nd leave the contractor to settle any dispute directly with the beneficiary (Birchal & Ramus, 2012). Suretyship Guarantee Companies frequently require working capital to function and grow. The owners of small businesses regularly need to cater a guarantee of suretyshi

Hydrogen vehicles Essay Example for Free

Hydrogen vehicles Essay Introduction There are many debates that are advocating for a proper implementation of transport systems, involving greatly upgraded sea transport, conversion of freight industry away from the road network. It is therefore possible for a company to reduce greenhouse gas for the benefit of the environment, through the adaptation of these transport systems. The debates also advocates for the use of hydrogen fuelled cars. This kind of vehicles use hydrogen gas as their powering tool and is considered the safest to the environment. Hydrogen gas cars are said to be somehow expensive, and technologically complex but with great investments companies can be able to utilise them effectively and help reduce the greenhouse gases. Most automobile companies are beginning to use these types of cars with a vision of minimizing costs, especially given the fact that fuel prices are even getting more expensive. Since fuel prices are becoming part of the company’s concerns, there is a need for the companies to effectively seek to have their transport systems to become compliant with the policies in the motor industry sector. So far, hydrogen cars are therefore increasingly being sought after as a matter of commitment by the companies. Discussion The hydrogen is normally derived from the renewable or non- renewable sources, where it is thereafter used on a daily basis. its sources are best known to be solar, water, wind and nuclear powers, though it is found that many vehicles using hydrogen as their source of energy tend to be less polluting the environment than those using gasoline and diesel, this is because, the used hydrogen fuel cells has a less production of carbon dioxide than normal combustion engines. Hydrogen is understood as the lightest fuel that appears in a gaseous state, operated at an atmospheric pressure and an ambient temperature containing a low level of carbon gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, this gas is normally stored under a storage system which allows it to be stored as compressed hydrogen, liquid hydrogen in the materials such as the metal hydrides. The reason for this invention is that these vehicles are found to be producing no air pollutants, but instead they only emit heat. It is basically considered as an alternative fuel in vehicles due to its mode of creation that is, it can be made from a number of resources and its characteristics of allowing a clean-burning procedure. The production of this gas has been proposed to be carrying various advantages such as; enabling a stronger national energy security, it also brings about a reduction on the green house gas emissions thus allowing an improvement in the quality of the environmental air, and the other advantage is that of enhancing an increase in the energy efficiency in particular countries. In this case, we find that the United States had a record of 200 hydrogen powered vehicle as in the month of April 2007, these vehicles are based in California, they are normally those cars that run at a high speed, which have been said to be already running on the hydrogen fuel, this vehicles include buses, submarines aeroplanes and also rockets. Though this invention is not yet available in most motor markets, this invention is being established various vehicle fleets an example of this is that of the Honda which is widely known as a light duty vehicles. The United State is said to be concentrating on the invention of more hydrogen vehicles that are meant to cover the whole transport sector in the nation by bringing up more hydrogen refueling stations, this activity is conducted by Department of Energys FreedomCAR, Vehicle expertise and the (HFCIT) the Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure Technologies Programs, which are said to have developed to be conducting supervision on the performance of the fuel cell vehicles and also sustaining the hydrogen transportation. Under this development we find that the State is trying hard to cut off its dependency on the oil from the Middle East whereby, we see that it has more plans to transform its oil system and start depending on the fuel resulting from hydrogen which carry advantage of not pollute the environment. According to research, it is reported that 95% of the transportation industry depends on hydrogen, under which 65% is used for transportation. Many scientists argue that this invention will take long before it is accepted by the transportation sector, but many companies are found to be investing in the hydrogen vehicle invention. An example is the Ford company which has come up with a plan of launching hybrid electric powered vehicles, this vehicles are meant to act as a solution to energy conservation that are therefore likely to be replaced by the hydrogen vehicles. Conclusion A lot has been said about the market of the hydrogen vehicles, many argue that this invention will take along time to be accepted in the market but we see that there are many governments and the motor industries, are for the idea of using the hydrogen fuel, whereby they have seen coming up with various programs which will implement the invention of these vehicles, thus overcoming the technical and cost barriers accruing in the invention. References Alex, L.(2000): Hydrogen Powers GMs Test Vehicle of the Future. Plain Dealer, p. 23 Daniel H. (2000): Iceland Warms Up to Hydrogen Fuel, the Detroit News, 10 Business p. 12-19 John, F. (2000): The Elements Hydrogen. Benchmark Books Publications Mark, D. U. (1995): The Story of Hydrogen, Grolier Publishing Inc. , p. 23-32 Vergragt, Ph. J. and Szejnwald Brown, H. (2007) Sustainable mobility: from Technological innovation to societal learning, Journal of Cleaner Production 15 (2007), pp. 1104 – 1115.

The Social Aspect of Computing Essay Example for Free

The Social Aspect of Computing Essay How has the online sharing of information, such as film and music, changed western buying habits? Record shops, cinemas, radio stations, video rental stores and even libraries are losing customers to the global trend that is OIS (Online Information Sharing the official MPAA and RIAA term for internet piracy). It once used to be a common sight to see small record shops filled with teens picking their favourite artists new records from the well stacked shelves, paying at the desk, discussing music with others and making new discoveries. It was not uncommon for people to buy or rent VHS tapes or sit at home listening to the radio. Piracy of course was alive here, the market for pirate radio, pirate tapes and pirated videos was enormous, the difference between then and today? Equipment. Nearly every person below 40 has a computer in MEDCs and also has the knowledge to share everything they want from their media collection with others. The most significant difference between the days of pirate radio and the days of worldwide networking is that you no longer need to know how it works to do it; millions of parents mindlessly expose their young kids to P2P networks such as KaZaA and LimeWire which are full of adult content, viruses and include open chat programs which might allow sexual predators access to their children. The first consumer P2P (peer-to-peer) network of note (others such as MC2 , Direct Connect and TinyP2P had existed before but were not widely adopted by the average user) called Napster allowed only for the sharing of music files such as WAVE and .mp3 (leading to MPEG 3 becoming the most popular music format in years to come). This was the most organised piracy or the time among teenagers and young adults through the internet but had problems in terms of the danger that faced the user (being caught) in that the centralized nature of the service meant that the server not only listed the files bring shared by members but all of the files passed through it in an effort to prevent the proliferation of malicious programs. This was extremely bad news for the user as Napster now had the IP address of each and every user, an integral flaw which would come back to bite the company and its user base later on before it could change its process and remove the evidence from its servers. Napster h ad finally made stealing music easy but was considered flawed by many in the IT community who wanted easier methods of sharing software, video and text files and a safer method of sharing music. Audiogalaxy was the first mainstream centralized P2P client that was capable (although not by design) of sharing any kind of file whatsoever, it gained popularity after the downfall of Napster and was the first time that the MPAA took note of file sharing software as connections became more capable of allowing fast download of high quality video. Audiogalaxy only indexed *.mp3 files, the obvious way round this limitation was found quickly: by (for example) naming a *.exe piece of software from tree.exe to tree exe .mp3. This made AG extremely useful for illegal distribution of both legally and illegally purchased data between users with experience in CGI and Batch (CGI parameters had to be edited to share non mp3 files) but was not as popular as eDonkey2000 (another P2P later to become known as eMule) program which did not have the security limitations of previous P2P clients as it was much faster to decentralize and allow open sharing and indexing. Especially in the case of Napster, facilitating thousands of minor crimes led to a series of lawsuits launched by musicians against the company (Metallica, Dr. Dre, Madonna) but received praise from other artists (Radiohead, Dispatch, Editors) for allowing distribution of singles prior to an albums release. Eventually a larger lawsuit was filed against the company which eventually resulted in bankruptcy after a lawsuit (which inadvertently increased the services user numbers) filed by the RIAA resulting in Napster closing down their network and being blocked from selling the company without liquidating assets under Chapter 7 of the US Bankruptcy Act meaning that the company was forced to close. The name was later sold to Swedish pornography company PMG who run it as a paid for service using similar looking software. AudioGalaxy was also sued and shut down as its out of court settlement rendered the service effectively useless and resulted in the services user base abandoning it en ma sse as a result AG too, opened a pay service to distribute music. In efforts to decentralize and avoid federal prosecution, modern networks designed for file sharing are de-centralized, often encrypted and use proxies to disguise IP addresses, for these reasons modern networks make it much less likely for a user to be discovered and served with a court order or other legal reprimand. A de-centralized system does not have a server which holds the files but instead a server that indexes a list of all available files rather than storing them. Most modern p2p systems also use (as mentioned previously) a process of encryption and proxy servers to make them untraceable. The servers often do not ask uploaders and downloaders of content to register accounts as they have previously done, this prevents user name linking: a process that the CIA reportedly used wherein they would search a napster username through a series of websites trying to gain personal data on a pirate in order to find and prosecute them. Another security feature of modern P2P protocols is the streaming swarm structure which works on a rarest first basis, splitting files into multiple parts and downloading these parts (to be reconstructed into a usable file on the leech (downloading) computer) rather than an actual file. As none of these individual parts is usable as the intended finished product on its own Swedish law allows the redistribution under its own piracy laws for this reason, the most prolific pirating groups are based in the country. One such group is the Swedish pirate political party called Piratbyran, the Piratbyran, (whose motto Pirate and Proud has itself caused problems for the group) this organised group has demanded that (along with the Pirates website piratgruppen.org) pirates be treated fairly by the law of the world as they believe they have the right to appraise things and decide if they are worth purchasing before doing so. For this reason, Piratbyran have set up Kopimi, a copywright alternative (said copyme) which declares others right to use your work as they see fit (this being a more extreme version of many other previously concocted alternatives like creative commons which permit a user the right to use works for non commercial reasons of their choice) for anything at all. The group also used Bram Cohens bit torrent protocol and created the worlds largest tracker a website that indexes all of the files available through the protocol which is called ThePirateBay.com (a.k.a. TPB), this site is distributed in over 20 languages and is currently the most popular tracker for the most advanced, secure and efficient protocol that is commercially available at this time. They are however intending to create their own protocol to remove their reliance in Bram Cohen (the creator) who has recently cut distribution deals with Hollywood film studios and is believed to be considering taking the protocol commercial. Governments across the world are certainly taking note, shown in hundreds of adverts which have only proven ineffective thus far. In the USA and the UK the governments have been running multiple adverts against piracy on legally purchased DVD videos and Blu ray / High Definition DVDs which are fairly useless: the advert assumes You wouldnt steal and lists a series of items before telling you piracy is a crime and showing w young girl getting up from her computer where she is downloading a film and walking out of the door. Most people tend to be offended at the fact that, after legally paying for something, they are forced to watch an advert telling them not to steal. This string of adverts alone has caused a series of parody adverts which take off the script of the original You might steal a book and even inspired a film called Steal this movie. Of course there are also positive sides to the increase in stealing and sharing among internet users, the little guy for example is heard far more than the major executive, companies are embracing the freedom culture and popular bands are pre releasing their albums for free to gain fan support. Sharing is even curing cancer! A largely adopted project ([emailprotected]) launched by a US university is folding protein strings over a massive decentralized network in an effort to discover a cancer cure or prevention in lieu of the supercomputer they would normally require. Those passing records about in the early days probably never saw that coming when they connected their first networks! Back in the early 1980s, piracy (albeit not online) was rife amongst office workers and the computer competent, these early criminals would exchange software through floppy disk and share records between each other. As the 90s started and the first networks were being created within offices, the stealing only increased as files could be copied between computer terminals via cable rather than by hand. Now, with the age of the internet: it is estimated that over 300 million of the worlds population routinely steal information and data over the internet with millions more borrowing DVDs and books from each other, whether or not these people are stealing more or less because of the internet is unquestionable, with our ability to access millions and millions of people we are able to share and steal far more than we previously could have done and this only provides incentive to give and take more than we would normally have done in a spirit of world community that is evoked by groups that exist in this sphere such as piratgruppen and the piratbyran. References: [1] English Wikipedia 18:06 18:09February 7th 2008 Pages on: Peer to peer file sharing, torrent, napster, audiogalaxy, warez, piratbyran or piratgruppen all saved complete to maintain coherence throughout the essay [2] Piratgruppen.org, Piratbyran or The Pirate Bay Blog, all saved complete to maintain coherence throughout the essay as of 18:17 18:23 February 7th 2008

Elasticity Experiment: Application of Hookes Law

Elasticity Experiment: Application of Hookes Law Nguyen Manh Tri Investigation of elasticity Introduction General statement Any string that able to stretch and come back its original length can be considered as a spring. Each spring has constant of elasticity (stiffness) that depends on its material. A simple spring generally is made from metal. Background Elastic forces of the springs appear at the ends of the springs and material effect on the contact or association with it as it is deformed (Elert, 1998). The direction of elastic force counters the direction of the external force causing deformation. Specifically, when stretched, the elastic force of the spring towards the axis of the spring on the inside; even when compressed, the elastic force of the spring axis oriented outwards. The most popular law of elasticity is Hooke’s law. When a force is applied to an elastic object, the object will be stretched. A change in length à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  l is formed. In the elastic limit, the magnitude of the elastic force of the spring is proportional to the deformation of the spring. Hooke’s law can be expressed as = k () where k is a constant value which shows the stiffness of the object (BelenkiÄ ­, Salaev and SuleÄ ­manov, 1988). The k value has unit of newton per meter. A spring of length l1 is hung up by a bracket as shown in figure 1. If a mass is applied to the other end the spring, the spring will be stretched, resilient until all the energy is gone and form a new length l2. Then the system is balanced, the applied force, the weight of the mass, must equal the restoring force Mg = k(l2 – l1) = kà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  l Figure 1 Mathematically, Mg = k can be written as à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  l = [1.0] Equation [1.0] also can be performed as a linear equation (Treloar and Dunn, 1974) y = mx where y is à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  l and x is M. Then if we hang more and more weights for the spring and measure the length à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  l for each, the gradient of the graph is (Bbc.co.uk, 2014). Consequently, we can find the constant value k by calculating the gradient. For rubber or steel wire rope elastic force only when external forces are stretched. In this case the elastic force is called tension. Tension set point and direction like elastic force of the spring. For the contact surface is deformed when pressed against each other, with the elastic force perpendicular to the contact surface. Aims To determine the constant of elasticity of several different springs To find out the elastic limit. Hypothesis There are number of factors which affect the springs’ constant. One of these factors is the types of material, which makes the stiffness of springs different. Hookes law is accurate with simple objects such as springs. With material such as rubber or plastics, the dependence between the elastic forces in the deformation could more complicate (BelenkiÄ ­, Salaev and SuleÄ ­manov, 1988). In essence, the elastic interaction forces between molecules or atoms, i.e. the electromagnetic force between electrons and protons inside the elastic material. When the large deformation to a certain value, the elastic force does not appear again, and this value is called the elastic limit, if you exceed the time limit elastic deformation material will not be able to return original shape after impact not deform more. Figure 2: Elastic limit Method and Materials Figure 3: Experimental set-up Method The experiment was set up as shown in figure 3. The retort stand was placed firmly on the table. A spring was attached to the retort stand. The length of the spring (l1) in rest state was measured (using ruler) and recorded. The mass hanger (10 grams) was hung up the other end of the spring. New length of the spring (after applied the mass hanger) was measured (using ruler) and recorded. The change of length of the spring was calculated and recorded. One set of data was obtained afterwards. A weight was placed on the mass hanger. New length of the spring (after applied the weight) was measured (using ruler) and recorded. The change of length of the spring was calculated and recorded. Another set of data was obtained afterwards. Another weight was placed (20 grams total) and step 8 was then repeated. Step 9 was repeated until no weight left. 8 other sets of data were obtained afterwards. Steps 3 to 10 were repeated for the new springs (the remaining 2 springs). Finally, 30 sets of data were obtained (10 sets each spring). Results Table 1: First spring results l1 for the first spring = 13 mm M (g) l2 (mm) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  l = l2 – l1 (mm) 10 14 1 20 16 3 30 18 5 40 20 7 50 21 8 60 24 11 70 25 12 80 25 12 90 28 15 100 31 18 Table 2: Second spring results l1 for the first spring = 20 mm M (g) l2 (mm) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  l = l2 – l1 (mm) 10 20 0 20 20 0 30 22 2 40 24 4 50 28 8 60 32 12 70 35 15 80 39 19 90 42 22 100 46 26 Table 3: Third spring results l1 for the first spring = 20 mm M (g) l2 (mm) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  l = l2 – l1 (mm) 10 20 0 20 20 0 30 20 0 40 22 2 50 24 4 60 27 7 70 32 12 80 34 14 90 38 18 100 40 20 Figure 4: Change of length against mass for the first spring Figure 5: Change of length against mass for the second spring Figure 6: Change of length against mass for the third spring As shown in figure 4, 5, and 6 three straight lines are formed and show a trend that the weight increases with increasing à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  l. Discussion Calculation – Results from part 1 experiment From figure 4, y = 0.1834x 1 therefore, gradient (m1) = 0.1834 mm/g From figure 5, y = 0.3062x 6 therefore, gradient (m2) = 0.3062 mm/g From figure 6, y = 0.2774x 8 therefore, gradient (m3) = 0.2774 mm/g Since the spring constants are measured by gradient (m) = therefore, k = We also have g = 9.81 (ms-2), k1 = = = 53.50 mmgs-2 k2 = = = 32.04 mmgs-2 k3 = = = 35.36 mmgs-2 Results analysis Because of above factors, some points such as (10; 0) from figure 5 and (10; 0), (20; 0) from figure 6 are not involved in the trend line. The smallest share of the ruler is 1mm so it is unable to distinguish the à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  l between 0 gram and 10, 20 grams. Parallax error also is a cause of these strange points. Because of the very first à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  l are too small, wrong angles between eyes and ruler may cause the errors of these points. Y-intercepts for 3 springs are -1, -6 and -8 respectively. The y-intercept -1 is a very small value and is able to show the accuracy of the experiment. The others two are much bigger because of different constant k values of springs (53.50, 32.04 and 35.36 respectively). For the first spring, which has k value are 53.50, it is much easier to distinguish different à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  l values for the first weights. Consequently, there is no strange point is recorded for this spring, all the points involves in the trend line. For the last two springs, k values are almost half of the first one and it hard to distinguish à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  l values for the first weights. This is the reason why strange points are recorded and do not involve in the trend lines. Consequently, the trend lines of these springs tend to go far away the origins when pass the y-axis. Errors analysis and other factors affecting the experiment Parallax error Parallax error is the most popular error in physics (Aphysicsteacher.blogspot.co.uk, 2009). Because this experiment contain many small values (smaller than mm), so parallax error may cause many wrong data and strange points. The concept of parallax error is related to the term parallax. For instance, in figure 7, different positions of eyes result in 3 values for the measurement (two of them are wrong values).Soparallax is the change in the apparent position of an object when the position of the observer changes. Figure 7: Example for parallax error Consequently, the accuracy of the measurement depends on the angle between eyes and ruler. Because of this error, à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  l values are slightly greater or smaller and results in slightly change of k values. To minimize this error, a pointer can be used to help read the scale on the ruler and the scale had to be viewed at eye level (Cyberphysics.co.uk, 2014). Temperature Materials’ thermal expansion coefficient ÃŽ ± and stiffness are connected. This connection is mathematically formulated as ÃŽ ± = where the ÃŽ ³G is a constant value (0.4 G ÃŽ ± is a constant value so if temperature is increased, density increases and stiffness increases; if temperature decreased, density decreases and stiffness decreases. Accuracy of ruler The smallest share of plastic ruler is 1mm. As mentioned above, there are many small values so it is necessary to consider the error percentage caused by accuracy of ruler. Improvement To minimize parallax error, a pointer can be used to help read the scale on the ruler and the scale had to be viewed at eye level (Cyberphysics.co.uk, 2014). To minimize temperature error, the air temperature should be held on standard (room temperature – 298K). To minimize accuracy of ruler error, an instrument which has small length accurately should be used (Mohindroo, 2006). The accuracy of the result can be greatly improved. Conclusion The constant of elasticity of 3 springs are 53.50, 32.04 and 35.36 respectively by calculating as mentioned above. Summarizing the three points, this experiment has met the objectives stated in the introduction. Knowledge about elasticity and constant of elasticity has learnt through this study. It is unable to find out the elastic limits because if keep adding weights until the springs can stretch more, the springs will be damaged and will not be able to come back its original shapes (Sadd, 2005). There are some factors are mentioned above, which are affect the results of this experiment. These factors do not change the results significantly (strange points were recorded only for the very first weights). Reference Bbc.co.uk, (2014). BBC GCSE Bitesize: Hookes Law. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa/forces/forceselasticityrev2.shtml [Accessed 26 Mar. 2015]. BelenkiÄ ­, G., Salaev, É. and SuleÄ ­manov, R. (1988). Deformation effects in layer crystals. Sov. Phys. Usp., 31(5), pp.434-455. Cyberphysics.co.uk, (2014). Hookes Law. [online] Available at: http://www.cyberphysics.co.uk/topics/forces/hooke.htm [Accessed 26 Mar. 2015]. Elert, G. (1998). Elasticity The Physics Hypertextbook. [online] Physics.info. Available at: http://physics.info/elasticity/ [Accessed 29 Mar. 2015]. Mohindroo, K.K. (2006). +2 Practical Physics Vol. II: Fifth Revised Edition. New Delhi: Pitambar Publishing. Sadd, M. (2005). Elasticity. Amsterdam: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann. Treloar, L. and Dunn, A. (1974). Rubber and rubber elasticity. New York: Wiley.

Holistic Design Essay -- Industry Industrial Essays

Holistic Design Thesis: Design is the root of action; if we can creatively construct our products and systems with purpose and understanding of the processes and side effects of these systems, we can improve our relationship to the natural world. Introduction to Industrial Design Our modern lives are full of manufactured products. Nearly everything that surrounds us in our day-to-day lives is born of intense industrial processes, yet rarely do we think of the systems that support our lifestyles. Finding a single action in a day that does not somehow depend on fossil fuels is nearly impossible. Everything we use, eat, or come in contact with has either been shipped or manufactured (or both) far away from where we live, and arrives at our door via processes that gobble up mounds of natural resources (Chiras, 2000). Because of the affluence of our lifestyle, we do not see the effects of these processes, and thus we rarely consider the long-term sustainability of our daily actions. While humans have always survived by our ability to use our surroundings, the industrial revolution increased our power to thrive, also increasing the size of our "footprint" (amount of land or resources required to sustain us). The machines that arose (and the knack for utilizing the energy in fossil fuels) during the industrial revolution greatly increased the output of manufacturing companies, also increasing the inputs of raw materials (Chiras, 2001). This increase in demand has led to intense mining, logging and agricultural processes that have left us with a less healthy world. Since industrial systems have been in place (mid 1700's), greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have increased, raising global temperatures, and threatening drastic... ...iras, Daniel (2000). The Natural House. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing. Haines, Andrew, McMichael, Anthony J., Epstein, Paul R., McCally, Michael. Sept. 19, 2000. "Environment and Health 2: Global Climate Change and Health." CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, Vol. 163, Issue 6. Janzen, J. Daniel. Review of Cradle to Cradle. Flak Magazine. http://flakmag.com/books/cradletocradle.html. November 3, 2003. Lancaster, Brad. Lecture. May 2003. Tucson, Arizona. McDonough, Bill and Michael Braungart (2002). Cradle to Cradle. New York: North Point Press. McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry Home Page. http://www.mbdc.com/profile_clients.htm November 3, 2003. Mollison, Bill (1988). Permaculture: A Designer's Manual. Tyalgum, Australia: Tagari Publications. Reynolds, Michael (1990). Earthship, Vol. 1. Taos, New Mexico: Solar Survival Press. Holistic Design Essay -- Industry Industrial Essays Holistic Design Thesis: Design is the root of action; if we can creatively construct our products and systems with purpose and understanding of the processes and side effects of these systems, we can improve our relationship to the natural world. Introduction to Industrial Design Our modern lives are full of manufactured products. Nearly everything that surrounds us in our day-to-day lives is born of intense industrial processes, yet rarely do we think of the systems that support our lifestyles. Finding a single action in a day that does not somehow depend on fossil fuels is nearly impossible. Everything we use, eat, or come in contact with has either been shipped or manufactured (or both) far away from where we live, and arrives at our door via processes that gobble up mounds of natural resources (Chiras, 2000). Because of the affluence of our lifestyle, we do not see the effects of these processes, and thus we rarely consider the long-term sustainability of our daily actions. While humans have always survived by our ability to use our surroundings, the industrial revolution increased our power to thrive, also increasing the size of our "footprint" (amount of land or resources required to sustain us). The machines that arose (and the knack for utilizing the energy in fossil fuels) during the industrial revolution greatly increased the output of manufacturing companies, also increasing the inputs of raw materials (Chiras, 2001). This increase in demand has led to intense mining, logging and agricultural processes that have left us with a less healthy world. Since industrial systems have been in place (mid 1700's), greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have increased, raising global temperatures, and threatening drastic... ...iras, Daniel (2000). The Natural House. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing. Haines, Andrew, McMichael, Anthony J., Epstein, Paul R., McCally, Michael. Sept. 19, 2000. "Environment and Health 2: Global Climate Change and Health." CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, Vol. 163, Issue 6. Janzen, J. Daniel. Review of Cradle to Cradle. Flak Magazine. http://flakmag.com/books/cradletocradle.html. November 3, 2003. Lancaster, Brad. Lecture. May 2003. Tucson, Arizona. McDonough, Bill and Michael Braungart (2002). Cradle to Cradle. New York: North Point Press. McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry Home Page. http://www.mbdc.com/profile_clients.htm November 3, 2003. Mollison, Bill (1988). Permaculture: A Designer's Manual. Tyalgum, Australia: Tagari Publications. Reynolds, Michael (1990). Earthship, Vol. 1. Taos, New Mexico: Solar Survival Press.

Feminist Aspects of The Yellow Wallpaper -- Feminism Feminist Women Cr

Feminist Aspects of The Yellow Wallpaper    The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman can by read in many different ways.   Some think of it as a tragic horror story while others may find it to be a tale of a woman trying to find her identity in a male-dominated society.   The story is based on an episode in Gilman's life when she suffered from a nervous disease called melancholia.   A male specialist advised her to "live a domestic a life as far as possible.. and never to touch a pen, brush or pencil..."  Ã‚   (Gilman, 669).  Ã‚   She lived by these guidelines for three months until she came close to suffering from a nervous breakdown.   Gilman then decided to continue writing, despite the physicians advice, and overcame her illness.   By writing The Yellow Wallpaper, she attempted to save others who suffered from her illness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story takes place in the late eighteen hundreds (published in 1892), a time when feminism was at a rise.   Many connections can be made between the characteristics of this time period and images in the story.   These include the main character's creative outlet, the main character's suppression by her husband, and the image of the woman behind the bars in the later half of the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout the story, the narrator who is a woman diagnosed by her physician husband as "sick" finds a creative outlet by writing.  Ã‚   She expressed her need to express herself in some way by stating,   " I don't   know why I should write this... but I must say I feel and think in some way it is such a relief.. I must put it this way- he (John) hates for me to write a word " (Gilman 662).   We can see how her husband kept her in a subordinate position as she was restricted from letting out her creative energ... ...lpaper" is a story of a woman who suffers from a "sickness" that her dominating husband tries to cure with rest until the wife finally goes mad.   The qualities of the characters, setting, and plot can each be correlated with characteristics of the women's movement.   Literature was used as a creative outlet for many females as they were suppressed with the life of a male-dominated society during the time of the Femenist Movement. Works Cited and Consulted McElroy, Lorie.   Women's Voices:   A Documentary History of Women in America.pp.195-204.1997. Newman, Loise Michele.   White Women's Rights.   pp.7-11, 23-37.1986. Ogden, Annegret S.   The Great American Housewife.   pp. 55-60, 71-72. 1980. O'Neil, William.   Feminism in America: a history.   pp.33-34, 130-133, 275.   1989. Woloch, Nancy.   Women and the American Experience.   pp.326-327, 344-347. 1994. Feminist Aspects of The Yellow Wallpaper -- Feminism Feminist Women Cr Feminist Aspects of The Yellow Wallpaper    The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman can by read in many different ways.   Some think of it as a tragic horror story while others may find it to be a tale of a woman trying to find her identity in a male-dominated society.   The story is based on an episode in Gilman's life when she suffered from a nervous disease called melancholia.   A male specialist advised her to "live a domestic a life as far as possible.. and never to touch a pen, brush or pencil..."  Ã‚   (Gilman, 669).  Ã‚   She lived by these guidelines for three months until she came close to suffering from a nervous breakdown.   Gilman then decided to continue writing, despite the physicians advice, and overcame her illness.   By writing The Yellow Wallpaper, she attempted to save others who suffered from her illness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story takes place in the late eighteen hundreds (published in 1892), a time when feminism was at a rise.   Many connections can be made between the characteristics of this time period and images in the story.   These include the main character's creative outlet, the main character's suppression by her husband, and the image of the woman behind the bars in the later half of the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout the story, the narrator who is a woman diagnosed by her physician husband as "sick" finds a creative outlet by writing.  Ã‚   She expressed her need to express herself in some way by stating,   " I don't   know why I should write this... but I must say I feel and think in some way it is such a relief.. I must put it this way- he (John) hates for me to write a word " (Gilman 662).   We can see how her husband kept her in a subordinate position as she was restricted from letting out her creative energ... ...lpaper" is a story of a woman who suffers from a "sickness" that her dominating husband tries to cure with rest until the wife finally goes mad.   The qualities of the characters, setting, and plot can each be correlated with characteristics of the women's movement.   Literature was used as a creative outlet for many females as they were suppressed with the life of a male-dominated society during the time of the Femenist Movement. Works Cited and Consulted McElroy, Lorie.   Women's Voices:   A Documentary History of Women in America.pp.195-204.1997. Newman, Loise Michele.   White Women's Rights.   pp.7-11, 23-37.1986. Ogden, Annegret S.   The Great American Housewife.   pp. 55-60, 71-72. 1980. O'Neil, William.   Feminism in America: a history.   pp.33-34, 130-133, 275.   1989. Woloch, Nancy.   Women and the American Experience.   pp.326-327, 344-347. 1994.